November 1, 2001Z³N}Ônì!N¾p}\¢*t * N{ËZ| p{¨©Ðm¢1 2 3 4 5 Next4. øp{¨|d{ Ûzel{¨|^}np{Þn ÞQ¾io+ p}m¢Ù=Q{¨ p{¨m¥ HN{¨Áp{p{¦_¾=b¢
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ztp{¨¨Ûb{_{n=d{¨=ç zr¨p{¨|m{¨ 50,000 @\{¨Q{¨n HÐ_{¨p{m{N{ªDd{Ô Q}öf»m{d{¨ `` ÛZ¼f½~tÖl{¨m+ '' @ð ~en¨Ðu}m{¨. ñZ¡Aøm¢, p¶¨zR|n¨, p{ám{=, u½Ô @ñÔ C f»m{o¾d¶ D=Z|l¨. b}ð¹±e f»m{d{¨ `` ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ '' @ð ~en¨Ðu}m{¨. @b¢ ÛZ¼f½~tÖl{¨m+ ¹±ek}Q{=d{¨=ç zr¨p{¨|m{¨ B=N¼N{ 100,000 @\{¨Q{¨n¨ HÐ_{¨p{m{N{ª D=Z¨=b¢. ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+o¾ ñZ¡Aøm¢ T}o| _{N{¨Áp{, p¶¨zR|n¨ @m{¨b{¨.ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ T¶m¶ZzeÕZ¡N¢ Q}öKÐî\¢ ztp{¨¨Ûb{_{n=o¾D=\¶ KÐî\¢o¾ 1% p{¨|Û_{p¶¨ D=Z¨=b¢. @=b{¨p{Þn ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ o¾ Ûzel{¨|^=T¶µt øp{¨|d}nN{¨ Hl¨m+ m²~t˱td{¨â _{ÃQ¢ zg«Úl{¨o+ Om{¨Æ j}Q} _{ÃQ{¨_{¨=b¢. @=b{¨N{d¶ W³Z+ øp{¨|d}n¨ ù¹o²d{=_{p{m{N{ª ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ o¾d¶ Ûzel{¨|^= T¶Ðu}l¨. @l¨d} Ûzeîf}±t=Vm+ ¹p²¨n¨N¥ W³Z+ øp{¨|d{=, d¶nù¨b{ zel{¨ð=T¶ izt¨âN{d}Ô 8 m²ÞZ¨ zg«Úl{¨o+ N}n¨Ðzt¨=b¢ [3] .
Ûzel{¨|^=T¶µt Ûzeî W³Z+ øp{¨|d{= ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ o¾ ÛQ¥d+ zvÀzt¨Q}zt¨nd{¨ ±eÒb{p²¨¨Ð_}no¾ ø\{¨b{n T¶Ðzt¨=b¢. @N{Á\{ Q}öKÐî\¢ T}o| _{N{¨Áp{ Q{d{¨N{ Hl¨m+ N}=f»ëzrd+ _¶öÃQ} p{¨|m{¨_{¨=b¢. @b¥N}N{ @N{Á\{ CO2 ð Hj}âm+× T¶µt p²¨¨N{Ánª, _{\¢ Hù¨ o¶p{¦. @N{Á\{ ø\{¨b{¹o²d{ CO2 ÛZ¾f»~tÖl{¨m+ N¢ b¢Q¥=_{p{m{N{ª @o|d¶ ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ o¾ D=\¢f½_{¨=b¢. @b¢ ÛZ¾f»~tÖl{¨m+ T¶m{\}ðN¢ T}o| zt=p{_{âm}n¨ ïzt¨N{¨=Z¨=b¢.
N{d{¨N{ W³Z+ øp{¨|d}n ÛZ|~gN+ p{Þn ËÜu}Z¾~tÖl{¨m+ o¾ð CO2 q}_{=, p²¨¨Ð_{= p}_}p{m{^=o¾ CO2 q}_{=N{d}Ô HN{¨Áp{ @p{¦_¾=b¢. b¥ðp{Þn ÞQ¾io+ p}m¢Ù=Q{¨ p{¨m¥ ±em{¨Q{¨_¾=b¢.
øp{¨|d}n £tÕ\{¨ u¿N{m{Ú=Q} D=\{\{=p{¨©o|d{ Ûzeze=T{p{¨=_{Z| øp{¨|d{ Ûzel{¨|^= _²Q{ ±em{¨Q{¨_¾=b¢. C u¿N{m{Ú= c{m{ ÞQ¾io+ p}m¢Ù=Q{¨ð p{¨m¥ HN{¨Áp{ T²l{¨Ú\{p¶¨.
5 T²ÞZ©, f»b{nª @b{¬q{Ú¹p²¨f½_{¨d}Ôl¨
------------------------------------T{N{ÁQ}Hb{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ô T²ÞZd{¨, p}Ðm}zeÛîN{n¨, p¶¨Q{ìÞd{¨, h½d{¨¹\²m{ËN{m¥n¨, µezem{¨ÞµeÞZ¨, d¶*e N¢Þd{©, Z|l¨o²Z+ Z¡zrªÚ, Z³ÛZ|f}N+ N{=¹Z³d{Þm{ª, N}Ím{¨j¾Ím{¨, p{¹Q²m} Ûf½\{ËN{¨n¨Q} p{¨|m{Æ\{=o¾ @p²¨m¢N}o¾ p{¨d{= T}o| Ûzeîk{ Q{\¢=T}=. Bp{ñÔ T}o| _{N{¨Áp{ N}n= p}\{¨N{ _{m}ß_{ T²Ð_{Q} p{¨|m¢f½_}l¨. @ðÔb¶q}Þo¾N¥ Bo|=Z¡ µezem{¨Ûf½\{ËN{¨np}\{N{=o¾ @p²¨m¢N{d+nb¶ @ÛQ{Ñztd{=. @p²¨m¢N}o¾ µezem{¨Ûf½\{ËN{¨np{¨Ù\}ðN¢ N²d{\}o|=Z¡ b¶q}n¨ _{p{¨ T{N{ÁZ¡ @\{p{¦nd{¨ c{ß=zt= T¶Ðzt¨d}Ôm{¨.
Bo|=Z¡ _{N{¨Áp{N}nÛzel²©Vd}nN{¨ µezem{¨p}\{N{= _¶öÃQ} _{ÃQ¢=T{p{T{¨Æ; N}ñ Hp{ßm{ª b¥ðÔQ{¨m¢=ç zeËZ¡=T{¨N¾p{\{=o¶b{¨. H=b{¨N{ð? `` p{¨|d{p{¦\{¨ T²ÞZð T{=~e d}q{d{= T²l{¨Ú\}ðN¶ k{Q{p{=_{¨\{¨ p}Z¡ð zt¬Ë~r=T}\{¨ '' @d¶ Q{ËZ¡ d{p{¨ÙN{= ùw{ä=b{m¢N¥ D=b¢Q{d{¨N{.
Alfred Joyce Kilmer (1886-1918) p{¬x}n Q¼zeÕ_{d}ðÔ Q{¨m¢=ç Ûp}~td{ zeb{Úm{_{Ô= Ac}m{=Q} d¶d{¨ Ûp}~td{ Q¶l{¨= C ÛN¢=b{ BÐzt¨d}Ôd{¨ (T{m{^}n¨ d²=im{¨ T¶u}d{¨).
p{¨üp{¬x{=
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6. T{öN}n=o¾ ~vp{¨|nl{¨p{¨l¨ c{Q{c{Q{ p²¨m¢µt p{¬x{=,
7. p{¨=\{¨Z³=\{o¾ B_{m{Ûf}^¨nN{¨ T{ÞnZ¡
ñ\{d¼ztQ¢ N}f}\¶ AN{¨np{¬x{=,
8. `` @\{Q{N{f½_¶ @ºp²¨Ùd} i¨p{ß±eËZb{¨ '' @=Z|m{¨
N}ñ @l{¨|T{N{=Q} Ûzeîb¢d{= @ðÔìp{¦nN{ª
@p{¨¬_{zgo|d{Ô=b¢=T¶ N{nÕp{¬x{=,
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N{p{¨ÙZ¡ p{¨N{m{=b}ðÔT¶Æ ze¦f»Õ\¢ p{¬x{=,
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ø¨^¨Q{¨m{¨ze¦m{¨Q{¨nN}np}n¹p²¨d{ p{¬x{=,
11. zt¨Q{=c{ze¦s}Õn_¾ p{zt=_{q¾k{_²T¶Æ p{¬x{=,
12. p{¨|d{p{¦\¢ Dzel²©Q}ð¹N² j¼ÃQ{¨Q}p{¨|m¢d{ p{¬x{=,
13. _¼\¢p{¨n¨m}öÆ k{ªp{¨|_{d{¨ ìp{d}c}m¢Q} p{¨|m¢Æd{ p{¬x{=,
14. Ûp¶w{ä_¾ k{ªp{¨|_{ Dzem¢k}Q}ðÔ m{x¢=T¶ p{¬x{=,
15. k{ªp{¨|_{Q{m{Ø=o¾N¢=N¢d{ Vo|ðÔ ¹±eN¢_²çÆ
AN}q{=o¾ p¶¨zR|ðN{=b¢=T¶ p{¬x{=,
16. AÞp{¨Vðð zt¬Ë~r=ç @ðÔìp{¦nd{© f½~r=T¶ p{¬x{=,
17. ìp{T{ÛN}ðN¢ ztªÛ_{c}m¢¹l²¨d{ p{¬x{=,
18. p{¨nl{¨p{¨|m{¨_{=_¾ d}ZÚp{¨|\¶ p{¬x{=,
19. ztßT{ǹp²¨d{ p{ám{Vn=_¾ N{n~tp²¨n~tD=\¶ p{¬x{=,
20. d}o|=Z¡ p{¨|d{p{¦nN{¨ p{¨c{¨m{Q¥_{p{¨Þn\{= p{T¶Æp²©
N}ñ BËZ¡ p{¬x}ðÔ zt¬Ë~r=T{ Q{Ãö=b¢ ñp¶ k{Q{p}d+.
----------------------------------------------------------C N}n= p{¨|d{p{¦nN{¨ p{¬x}nù¨b{ @=_{QÀm{p{=o¶b{ð _²n¨Ðu½=b¢. BzeÕZ¡N¥ T}o|p²¨¨N{Án¨ p²¨¨nN²Ð_{¨_{ªd¶ Dd}Ôl¨. N}ñ p{¨d{= T¶Ðzt¨d{Ô o|d+ p²©l¨=Q{¨, ù\¢=Q{¨, N{Ëöp¶Z¡=Q{¨, Q¾öÖ=Q{¨, ~tÁl¨Ú=Q{¨, u½Ôp²¨¨¹j²ö=Q{¨, ܺ\²ø=Q{¨ p²¨¨b{¹o²d{ N}m}Úno¾ C p²¨¨N{ÁnñÔ d{ú=çf½_{¨d{Ôl¨. b¥ðp{Þn, p{T¶Æ p{=b{zt=p{_{âm}no¾ zen¨m{N}n p{¬x{W|_{¨n¨ @=_{m¢=T{p{T{¨Æ.
6. p{¨|d{p{¦nN{¨ q}=îk{Ûb{_{nª, B_{m{ ìp{¦nN{¨ @=îp{¨q}ßzt
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p{¨d{p{¨=_} `` q}=îk{Ûb{_{n¨ (World peace)'' @=Z· H=_¾ zeøÛ_{¹p²¨d{øQ} zem¢Q{^¡Ðu}=.d¶d{¨ KN{u}m¢ Z¤ùo¾ ø¨*t l{¨©ðp{m{¨â N{=Z³Ëzt¨ T{ªu}d{¨. T}o|b¶q}nd{¨=ç zt¨=b{m¥p{¨^¨n¨ b}=ÞZ¾ f½Z¤ T¶u}m{¨. f½Z¤o¾ b¶zvu¿=b{m{Úp¶¨N}N{, ~tßø¨Ù=Q{¨, \}ðâ=Q{¨, \¢j¶Z¡=Q{¨, ~t=Q¢=Q{¨ o|=Z¡ N{w{no¾ NÀq{nÚ=N{ª\} T{ªÐu}m{¨. T}o| f½Z¤n¨ @l{¨|ÚN{ Jb{¨Q{¨m{¨ ¹±gd{öËzt¨nd{¨ ±tnËN{¨ T¶u}m{¨. çËZçp{m¢ f½Z¤o¾ Ûzeî ¹±gd{öËzt¨ñ KN{ Ûzeq{ÔN{¨ Vp}i¨ T²f}Õp{¨ð @\¢Q}m{¨. A Ûzeq{Ô Bb¢ `` ñN{¨ KN¶KN{Á p{m{= Bеt, Iø¨ N¾m{¨N{¨=Z|p{¦ ?'' . Q²öçd{ @p{¨|Ùl¨ ``world peace , ÛzeVn=b{m¢N¥ q}=î k{Ûb{_{n¨ ztp{¨N{ª\{\{= '' @ð H=_¾ Q¼zeÕQ} T²~eÕ=b¢. b}ðN¢ @=_} T{zeÕÞZ¨ N¼ËZ¡, p²¨T{¨ÆN¼ð, Aø\{d{¨ ø¨*t l{¨©ðp{m+â Q} Hd{¨ÔN{¨d}Ôm{¨.
p{¨d{= q}=î k}Ûb{_{nd{¨ Q{¨m¢=ç p{¨|ÞZ|\¢d{ze¦Õ\{¨ p{¨d{ Q{¨m¢=T¶ Ao¾çÐu}= Q}ñ, B_{m{ ìp{¦nd{¨ Q{¨m¢=ç zeËZ¡=T{¨N¾=. Hd¾Ô m{N}n V=_{¨p{¦n¨, T²ÞZ W|_{¨nª, 6 òöl{¨Þd{ p{¨|d{p{¦n T¶Ëzrn p{¨©o|d{ ztp{¨~t f½_{¨d}Ôl¨. Db}zvm{^N{¨ Þh}m¢\} N¾Ðu} ztp{¨¨Ûb{=o¾ `` p{¨|d{Z¤ '' @d¶ izv§u}c{¨ ñZ¡ V=_{¨p{¦ D=b¢. ÛzeÑzt¨_{= 200 p{¨|d{Z¤n¨ p{¨|Û_{p¶¨ ø¨Q¢o|l¨, C p{¨|d{Z¤ nN{¨ BzeÕZ¡¹N²d} q}=î k{Ûb{_{n¨ N{Ãö=T{o¶p{¨|? A ztp{¨¨Ûb{=o¾ øzvm¢=T¶ ze\{p{n¨, dÀN{n¨ ÛN¢=b{ d{öQ¢ A ø¨Q¢öd{ N¼ðÔ p{¨|d{Z¤n¨ Q{ª\} d{ú=çf½p}o|? @o|d¶ ü=N}=Q{¨ ztp{¨¨Ûb{ ïm{=o¾ T}o| @=b{¹p²¨d{ ~e=N{¨ \}öÖÞd{¨ ðp{~tÐu}l¨. ÛzeÑzt¨_{= ø¨Q¢öd{ 300 ~e=N{¨ \}öÖÞd{© Bo|d¶ d{ú=ç f½_{¨d}Ôl¨. Bo|d¶ N}öh½m¢Ôl{¨|o¾ ø¨Q¢öd{ 150 p{¨ÀËd²d+ nl{¨d{©â, AÛ~gN}o¾ ø¨Q¢öd{ N¼ðÔ p{=b{n Q¾m¢Þo|n¨, N¼ðÔ p¶n Id{¨Q{¨nª, b{x¢^ @p²¨m¢N}o¾ ø¨Q¢öd{ N¼ðÔ p{=b{n p{¨±v©Q{ñ T²ÞZ©, B=\¢l{¨|o¾ ø¨Q¢öd{ N¼ðÔ p{=b{n OÃ\{p{¨¬Q}nª, Bo|=Z¡ ìp{¦nðÔZ¡N¥ N{ñzt= BzeÕZ¡¹N²d} q}=î k{Ûb{_{n¨ @p{ztm{= o¶b}? ±em¢Q¢f½_{¨d{Ô p{¨|d{p{ Vd}k} C ìp{¦n¨ ðp{~t=T¶ Ûf}=_}nð AÛN{ø¨=T{¨N¾p{\{= p{¨©o|d{ Bo|=Z¡ ìp{¦o²d¾Ô @=îp{¨ q}ßztd{¨ £en¨Ðzt¨d}Ôl¨.
d} çd{Ô_{d{=o¾ B=\¢l{¨|o¾ ±em{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ôze¦Õ\{¨ KN{ @d{¨k{p}ðÔ Q{¨m¢=ç T²Ðf}d{¨. 1940Þo¾ p{¨| N{¨Z¨=i= A=Ûc{Ûzeb¶*r o¾ð N¼Þo¶m{¨ ztm{zt¨â ù¨b{ ze\{p{o¾ p²N¶zrd+ N¢ p²w}ä=. N¼Þo¶m{¨ ztm{zt¨â _{N{¨Áp{o¾_{¨ ztm{zt¨â, Bze¦Õ\{¨ @o|=Z¡ ztm{zt¨âð p²ÞZ|=\{¨â Im¢l{¨| @=Z|m{¨. p¶¨p{¨¨ p²ýäd{ ze\{p{o¾ p²©Z|m{¨o¶ù o¶p{¦, _²m{T}ze, p{¨|d{p{k{¨Vin=_¾ N{b¢o¶ ze\{p{ @b¢. d} çd{Ô_{d{= N{=Z¡N¢ p{¨|Û_{= N¼Þo¶m{¨ ztm{zt¨â H=_¾ p{¨ü ztp{¨¨Ûb{=o| N{d{ze\¢=b¢. ztm{zt¨â p{¨c{Ú KN{ çd{Ô b¥ßze= ù¨b{ N¼Þo¶m{¨ b¶p{_{N{¨ KN{ Q{¨\¢ D=b¢, A Q{¨\¢ p{¨| Q{p{¨Ú Ñu}d{=. T¶m{\}ðN¢ ze«Ðm¢Q} m²=\{¨ m¾ín¨ zeËZ¡=b¢, p{¨þä îm{¨Q{¨ Ûzel{¨|^= B=N¾ m²=\{¨ m¾ín¨. b}m¢ f»\{¨Q{ª_} Hd¾Ô m{N}n ñZ¡ j}_{¨n¨ T{ªu}=, Ize¦Q} ±em{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ô j²=\{¨ ( cork ) ñZ¡ p{¬x}n¨ T{ªu}=. C j²=\{¨ p{¬x}n¨ izv§ ±ew{§zt¨ø. p}Z¡ N¼p{¨Ùn¨ 2-4" p{¨=b{=_¾ o¾zen _²ÞnZ¡ ±ew{§zt¨ T²N{Á_¾, il{¨Z AN{¨zeT{Æ j²m{\{¨_¾ Dd}Ôl¨. ±ew{§zt¨ T²N{Áp{¨©o|d{ C N¼p{¨Ù_¾ H=_{ Q{ËZ¡Q} j}b¢d} @p{_{ö p}w{äN{¨ d¼~eÕ N{nQ{b{¨. A N¼p{¨Ùn¨ Al{¨¨c}n¨Q} p¶¨= ~eÞnn= _²Q{ N¼ÞZ|\{¨N¼ð Ad{=b¢=T}=.
C p{¨c{Ú KN{u}m¢ B=\¢l{¨| p²ýäd{ze¦Õ\{¨ N¼Þo¶m{¨N{¨ p{¨w}ä p²w}äd{¨. @N{ÁZ|, ztm{zt¨â ze«Ðm¢Q} p{¨|l{¨p{¨l¨ f½l¨=b¢!. ±em{¨Q{¨_{¨d{Ô p{¨|d{p{ Vd}k}N{¨ Bw{§ä N{ËZ\}ðN¢ Ñztn=N¾zt=, îd{\}ðN¢ p{m¢ ze=\¢=T{\{= N¾zt=, ztm{zt¨âo¾ ñw{äñÔ Üº\²d{¨ T¶u}m{ð @N¢Á\¢ ÛzeVn¨ T²f}Õm{¨. ñZ¡ j}_{¨n¨ @ztân¨ o¶p{¦, j²=\{¨ T²ËZ¨ extinct @l¨f½l¨=b¢. C ìp{¦nñÔ p}Z¡ ðp}ztÑzto|ðÔ p{¨|d{p{¦\{¨ AÛN{ø¨=T{¨N¾p{\{= p{¨©o|d{ @=îp{¨q}ßzt £eo|Æl¨. f}ze=, N¼Þo¶m{¨ b¶p{_{ _{d{ ztm{zt¨âd{¨, b}=ÞZ¾ _}d{¨ zt¬Ë~r=çd{ u}c{¨ ìp{¦nd{© p{¨|d{p{¦nj}m¢ d{¨=\¢ m{x¢=T{¨N¾o¶N{f½l¨=b¢.