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m{T{l¨_{n¨ H=b{¨N{¨ m}Ðu}m{¨? m}l{¨|nd{Ô i¨Ób¢ ñN²=b{¨N{¨ ze¦ËZ¡=b¢ @ð _²ö~td{p}w{§ä @ze¦Õ\{ze¦Õ\{¨ @\{¨Q{¨_{¨=Z|m{¨. "p²ýä ñN{¨ p¶Z|\{nd{Ô i¨Ób¢ H=b{¨N{¨ ze¦ËZ¡=b¢ @ð L ze¦öð @\¢Q¢ T{ª\{=\¢" @ð KN{ _{nîN{Á ztp{¨|c}d{= BÐu}d{¨. ztm{b}N¢ N}b{¨, ðV=Q}d¶. I m{T{l¨_} m}l{¨|÷ @ð ðÏm{l¨=T{¨N{¨ð m}l{¨\{ð d} d{p{¨ÙN{=. KN{ @^¨T{¨N¾o¶ð _{¬Ïzr p{Þn, m}l{¨N{¨=\} D=\{o¶\{¨ N}iËZ¡, _{zeÕðzt¹m² m}Ðu}\{¨.
Bb¢ @=b{m{¨ m{T{l¨_{nN¥ KN{Áo|Q¶ D=\{b{¨. N¼=b{m{¨ p{¬ÐîN¢ m{T{l¨_{n¨. Ûzep{¬Ðî p{Þn m{T{l¨_{n¨ N¼=b{m{¨=Z|m{¨. m}l{¨Z= Ûzep{¬Ðî, @=Z· ztßk}p{=Q} Dd{Ô p}w{äð zeËZ¡ T{ªÐµt _²öµtb¢ Iø¨Z=Z·, p}w{äN¢ m}l{¨Z|ðN¢ KN{ N}m{^= @=Z© Iù¨ D=\{b{¨. \{i¨×, µem{¨, N¥Ðm¢, o¶N{ Q{¨Ðm¢=ze¦ N¾zt= @ð N}N{¨=\}, p}w{äN¢ m}l{¨|nð i¨Ób¢ ze¦ËZ¡d{ze¦Õ\{¨ m}l{¨|nð @ð~e=ç=b¢ m}Ðu}m{¨. p{¬Ðî m{T{l¨_{nN¢ Bp{ñÔ, o¶N{f½_¶ ùZ¡o¾ Ib¾ KN{Z¡ N}p}ö. @b¢ D=Z· Q}ð m}l{¨o¶m{¨. _²öø _¶Zn¨Q} b}ðÔ zt=f}b¢=T{¨N{¨=Z|m{¨. C m{T{l¨_{n Q{¨m¢=ç d} @ôÛf}l{¨= T²zeÕZ|ðN¢ j²=Q}÷ d{p{o| m{T{l¨_{ i=N¢= T{=Ûb{ T{ZÈm¥ T²~eÕd{ p{¨|Z ztm¢f½_{¨=b¢ T{ª\{=\¢. i=N¢p+¨ j}i¨ KN{ d{p{Þo¾ KN{ îN{Á q{=N{m{l{¨Ú f}Û_{ð zt¬Ë~r=T¶\{¨. B_{d{¨ KN{ N¾Ëm{¨ N¶zt¨o¾ u}x{Ú= T²zeÕZ|ðN¢ p²Ðw}\{¨. p}b¢ _{m{zg¦ p{N¥n¨ @_{ðÔ @\{¨Q{¨_}\{¨ : "Ip{¨=\¥ ù¨ p{¬Ðî Iø¨Z¡?" @ð. @_{d{¨ b}ðN¢ T}o| N¾zeQ¢=T{¨N{¨ð "p{¬Ð_}? p{¬Ðî ±eËZ¨N{¨ð N{ªm¾Æ\}ðN¢ d¶d¶p{¨d}Ô u}=b}d}Ô Þ£e\{m}Ô?" @ð N{zt¨m{¨N{¨=Z|\{¨.
C m²=\{¨ m{N}o¶ N}b{¨. V=_{¨ q}#zt=o¾ øk{ë=çd{ËZ¨ m{T{l¨_{öÔ ~t=ün¨, N{¨N{Án¨, Q{¨Ûm}n¨, Q}\¢b{nª Bo|Q{ m{N{ m{N}n¨Q} øk{ë=T{¨N¾p{T{¨Æ. d¶d{¨ Ho|Z¡ V=_{¨p{¦d¾ d¶d{¨ T²zeÕd{¨. d} f}[{N{¨nN¢ ø\¢ç ±e\{¨_{¨d}Ôd{¨. N}ð d¶d{¨ Ho|Q{ m}Ðu}d¾, m{T{d{ @=Z· d}N{¨d{Ô @ôÛf}l{¨= Iø¨Z¾ p{¨|Û_{= T²f}Õnð D=b¢.
d¶d{¨ Ûzep{¬Ðî m{T{l¨_{ð. m}l{¨Z= d} ztßk}p{=. d}N{¨ i¨Ób¢ ze¦ËZ¡d{ze¦Õ\{¨ i¨Ób¢ ze¦ËZ¡=b¢ N}l¨_{= ù¨b{ ±e\{_}d{¨. @l¨_¶ Bo| m}~t=b}ðÔ d¶d{¨, d} p¶¨c{zt¨â zt¬Ë~r=çd{ zt¬Vd{ @ð p{¨|Û_{= Hze¦Õ\{© @d{¨N¾Ád{¨. @=Z· @ø d} Ao¾T{d{n¨, @d{¨k{ª_{¨n zgö_{=Q} zt¬Ë~r=çd{p{ð, @ø m}l{¨Z|ðN¢ N}m{^= d¶d{ñ @d{¨N¾Ád{¨. m}l{¨Z= N¾zt= d} i¨Ób¢ð KN{ N²p¶¨m} o|Q{ p}\{_}d{¨. b}ðÔ h½N{*t T¶~td{ b{¬q}ÚöÔ @b¢ h»Z¾ d²Q²Z¡p+ o|Q{ ïÐzt¨=b¢. A d²Q²Z¡p+ ð h»Z¾ Û~e=Z¨Q} \²p{n*e T²l{¨ÚZ= p{¨|Û_{p¶¨ d¶d{¨ ztßl{¨=Q} T¶µt zeð. Ib¾ zgö_{= ( effect) N¾zt=, Ûzel²©Vd{= u}c¢=T}nñ d²Q²Z¡p+ o¾ o¶ð p}Z¡ð h»Z¾o¾N¢ H=_{ p{¨|Û_{= T¼m{ze\{ ðp{ßd{¨.
p{¨m¢ d¶d{¨ m}µt zeÓb{îð Q{¨m¢=ç. d} m}_{nN¢ p{¨©n¹p²¨d{ ztªÛ_{= Iø¨Z=Z·, k}zr @d¶b¢ p{¨¨OÚ=Q} ød{\}ðN¢ DÒb¶ú=çd{b¢. T{ª~t T{b{p{Z|ðN¢ N}b{¨. @=T¶_{, m}l{¨Z= zt=Q¥_}ðÔ N{ªm{ÆZ= p{=Z¡ zeð @ð d} d{p{¨ÙN{=. m}µtZze¦Õ\{¨ d¶d{¨ KN{ p}ÃQ¶l{¨ N}m{¨\¢ o|Q{ Ûzep{Ðm¢Ðu}d{¨. d¶d{¨ m}~td{b¶ p{¨|ÞZ|\¢ T{ªÐµt Ho| øð~eÐzt¨=b¾ T{ªzt¨N{¨d}ÔN¶ b}ðÔ m}Ðu}d{¨.
B=ÞQ¥zr¨ d¶d{¨ A=ÞQ¶l{¨¨n b{ÃQ¢m{ d¶m{¨ÆN¾o¶b{¨. B=ÞQ¥*r p}w{§ä p{¨|ÞZ|\¢_¶ Ho| D=Z¨=b¾ d}N{¨ ±eÒb{p}Ï^l¶¨ÚN{ Q}ð _²öl{¨ o¶b{¨. d¶d{¨ ze¦ËZ¡=b¢ N¢zrd+ Q{=W+ @ð L zeÞo²Z©m{¨. @N{Á\{ j²=Q}÷ Z¤T{Þm{ b{ÃQ¢m{ d¶m{¨ÆN{¨d}Ôd{¨ B=ÞQ¥zr¨. _{m{p}_{ p²¨ÛZ¡N+ T{b{¨p{¦_{ª (1910-1914)p{¨c{Ú N{nN{Ð_}o¾ d¶m{¨ÆN{¨d}Ôd{¨. C T{b{¨p{¦n p{Þn d}N{¨ B=ÞQ¥*r p}N{Ú ðm}Ù^=, d{¨\¢N}m{=, p{¨|Zn¨ _{Q{¨ p{¨|Û_{= _²öµtl¨. \¢x{d{m¥ T{ªzt¨N¾N{¨=\} T{b¢ø øzrl{¨= @Óm{= T¶zt¨N¾p{\{= _²ö~t=b¢. @l¨d} ztm¶, d} p²¨¨b{Z¡ ze¦ÐztN{= The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian m}Ðzt¨d{Ôze¦Õ\{¨ (1947-48)T}o| A_{¬_{Q} D=\¶b¢. d¶d{¨ m}~t=b¢ B=ÞQ¥*r p}w{§ä p{¨|ÞZ|\{¨N{¨d¶ p{¨|ZÞo|Q¶ D=b} o¶b} @ð p{¨c{d{ ze\¶p}Ï^¡. @o| D=Z· _{zeÕ d}N{¨ d{T{Æb{¨, B=ÞQ¥*r zeÞòzrÞm{¨ ze¦ÐztN{= p¶zt¨N¾m{ª.
C j²=Q{ f½p{\}ðN¢ L zeÓb{î N{ð±eËZ·d{¨. d¶d{¨ m}~td{ b}Þd¾=ç KN{ µem} Q{ËZ¡Q} ¹±eN¢ T{b¢p{Z=. _{m{p}_{ B=ÞQ¥*r o¾ I¹b²d} L p{¨=ç ze¦ÐztN{= o¾=ç KN{ µem} ï~t ¹±eN¶ T{b{p{Z=. C m²=\{¨ T{b{p{Z|nª KN{Á o|Q¶ ød{\}ðN¢ B=ze¦Q}, Hj²×ËZ¨Q} o¶N{¨=\} D=Z· d} m}_{ zem¥x{ Q{ËZ³N¢Ád{ËZ·. Bo|Q{ m{N{ m{N}n B=ÞQ¥*r m{T{l¨_{n p{T{d}ðÔ ¹±eN¢ T{b¢p¶ p}Ï^¡. C m{T{l¨_{n p{T{d{=o¾ nl{¨ m{N{ m{N}n¨Q} D=Z¨=b¢. B=ÞQ¥*r k}zr c{ßð Bb¢ @ð KN{ÁZ· I= o¶b{¨. T{b¢ø_¶ @zt¹o²d{ B=ÞQ¥*r _{ªQ{¨ D=b¾ o¶b¾ d}N{¨ _²n¨Ðzt¨=b¢.
C zeÓb{î d}N{¨ @T¼ÆçÆ=b¢. B=ÞQ{=Þ\¾ 1951 ±t˱e=im{¨ 8 d{ d} ze¦ÐztN{=o¾=ç N¼ðÔ k}Q}n¨ BBC o¾ T{b¢ø øð~eÐzt¨=Z· øð, "d¶d{¨ m}Ðzt¨d{ze¦Õ\{¨ d} p{¨d{zt¨âo¾ @d{¨N{¨ð T{b¢ød{ËZ· D=b¢" @ð _{¬Ð~e zeÍ\}d{¨. Bo| øðN¢\¢ ÛzeN}m{= m}Ðztª D=Z· p{T{d{= m}l{¨\{= Q{¨m¢=ç KN{ zt=Q{î j¾c{ze\¢=b¢. m}µtZze¦Õ\{¨ d} Mb¶ßQ¢N{ Ñ~tî ( mood) ð iËZ· d} m{T{d{ _{ªQ{¨ d{\{¨Ðzt¨=b¢. @=Z·, m}µtZze¦Õ\{¨ d¶d{¨ p{¨m¥ D_}âzv=Q}d¾, N¾ze=Q}d¾ D=Z· d} m{T{d{ N{ª\} p{\¢ p{\¢Q} d{\{¨Ðzt¨=b¢, mÀÛb}ðÔ T{ª~eÐzt¨=b¢. m}µtZze¦Õ\{¨ d¶d{¨ d²p{¨Ùb¢Q}, u}îßN{=Q} D=Z· d} m{T{d{ d{\{N{ ð=f}b¢ Q}d{©, m{zt= u}îßN{=Q}d{© D=Z|l¨. @l¨_¶ C zem¢^}p{¨|nñÔ @Ûzel{¨_{Ô=Q}, @d{¨N¾ÁN{¨=\} Vm¢Q¶p¶. m{=ë=ze T²l{¨|Úö @d{¨N{¨ð Ûzel{¨_{Ô ze«m{ßN{=Q} T¶µt m{T{d{n¨ T{b¢ø_¶ _²ö~tf½_}l¨, f}[{N{¨öÔ N{b¢ö=T{o¶p{¦.
d¶d{¨ _²n¨zt¨N{¨d{Ô B=N¾ øzrl{¨= Iø¨Z=Z·, m{T{d{ p{Ðzt¨p{«, m}µt ¹q²÷ ø\{b¥l{¨o¶d{=_{Q} ±ed{ p¶zt¨N{¨ð D=Z|l¨. Bb¢ p{Ðzt¨p{¦, Bb¢ ¹q²ö @ð T²zeÕ\{= @u}c{Ú=. @=b{¨N¶ u}~v_{Ú=o¾ p{¨=ç ¹q²ö p{Þn m}^¡=çd{ zeðN¢p{¨|öd{ p{Ðzt¨p{¦ @ð N}ð, ¹q²ö j}p{¦=\{N{ T²\¢f½l¨d{ p{¨=ç p{Ðzt¨p{¦ @ð N}ñ I= D=\{p{¦. m{ªf}ðÔ Au}ßb¢=T¶ m{zt b{¬Ë~r o¶N{f½p{Z= p{Þnd¾, p{Ðzt¨p{¦d{¨ @Ñm{= T¶zt¨N{¨d¶ q{ÐN¢ o¶N{ f½p{Z= T¶_¾ Bo|Z¡ ~tÓb}=_}öÔ AÛq{l¨Ðu}p{¨¨. ¹q²o¶ p{Ðzt¨p{¦. m{ªzep¶¨ u}m{=.
C øp{m}nñÔ d¶d{¨ m}µt zeÓb{îð Q{¨m¢=ç. N}ð zeÓb{_{¨nñÔ Ib¾ KN{ Q{p{¨Ú= N¾zt= p¶zt¨N{¨d{Ô _¾p{n¨. d} zeÓb{_{¨nN¢ Q{p{¨Ú=, d} m}_{nN¢ zem{p{¨|Óm{= Iø¨Z¡? C çN{¨Á Ûzeq{ÔN¢ ztp{¨|c}d{= T²zeÕZ|ðN¢ Ûzel{¨_{Ô= T¶Ðu}d{¨. p{¨¨=b{¨Q}, m{T{l¨_{Q} d} ìø_{ N}n= \{ºj²Ø KN{Á zt=p{_{âm}n¨. T{m¢Û_{o¾d¶ ø¨N¢Áö f»\{¨¹Q²d{ u}~vï p}Úzt=Q{= d}b¢. C \{iØl²¨¨ÚN{Á zt=p{_{âm}Þo¾d{© zec}Ôn¨Q{¨ ze¦ÐztN}n¨ m}µtd{¨, B=ÞQ¥*r o¾d{©, j²=Q}÷ o¾d{©. B=N}, p{=b{nN¼Òb¥ p}Úu}n¨, m¶\¢l²© Ûzezt=Q}nª m}µtd{¨. m{T{l¨_{ N{=Z· HN{¨Áp{Q} f}ÛîN¶l{¨¨Ï^} @ñ @ð~eÐzt¨=b¢. Bb{=_} H=b{¨N{¨? I Ûzel²©Vd{= N¾zt=? d} b¶q{ ÛzeVn¨ C Ûzeq{ÔN¢ p}w{ä ztp{¨|c}d{= Iø¨Z¾ N{¨=\{ iÒb{n¨ N¼ËZ¡d{ËZ¨ T²zeÕd¶ T²µeÕm{¨. p}w{ä b{¬Ë~ro¾ d¶d{¨, ìø_{=o¾ L\¢f½l¨, ðm}q{ ze\¢, A b¶q{= ù¨b{ N{x{ N{ËZ¡, p}w{äñ, p}w{ä ìø_}÷Ô, zt=zt¬Áîñ, d}Q{m¢N{_{ñ p²N¢Ám¢=T{Z= N¾ztp¶¨ m{T{d{n¨ T¶µtd{¨. C p{¨|Z· m{N{ m{N}n¨Q} @d}Ôm{¨. p}w{§ä @d{Ô p{¨¨N{Á d¶d²ze¦Õ\{© p}T} O=\¢=T{o¶b{¨.
d} p²¨¨b{Z¡ m{T{d{ ù¨b{ d} b¶q{ ÛzeVnN¢ @=_{ b¶ßzr= H=b{¨N¾ d}N{¨ p²¨¨b{ÞZ¾ @Óm{= N}o¶b{¨. Sir John Squire d} m}_{ Ûzeî T{b¢ød{ze¦Õ\¶ Bo| @p{¦_{¨=b{ð W¾ztÚ= T²µeÕ\{¨. "C ze¦ÐztN{= N{d{N{ @T{¨Æ p¶Ðµt B=\¢l{¨|o¾ ±eÒb{ Q¼\{¹p² f½_{¨=b¢. ðm}b+ TÀb{m¢ B=ÞQ{=\+ p²ýä _{n b}T{¨N¾p}ö... " @ð. @o|Q¶ Vm¢Q¢=b¢. H=_¾ Ao¾ç=T¶N{ k}m{ïl{¨¨n¨ @=_{o| H=b{¨N{¨ N¾zeQ¢=T{¨N{¨d}Ôm¾ @Óm{= T¶zt¨N{¨d}Ôd{¨. ze¦ÐztN}ðÔ "k}m{_{b¶q{=o¾ A=ÞQ¶l{¨¨n f}nd{ zt¬ÙîN¢" @ð @=N¢_{= BT¶Æd{ð T}o| p{¨=b¢N¢ N¾ze=. b}ðÔ ztm¢ÃQ} @Óm{= T¶zt¨N¾o¶N{. @b¢ ðW|ðN¢ ÛòZ¡*r p}w{ä ðm{=N{¨q{_{ß= ù¨b{ ÛzeîzRZd{. d} _{Þö_{=Û\{¨n p{ÚÐN¢_}ßöÔ Q{¨m¢=ç Dd{Ôb{¨d{ÔËZ¨ m}l{¨\{= d¶d{¨ T¶~td{ m²=\¾ _{ze¦Õ. k}m{_{ b¶q{=o¾ @p{¨|Ù d}d{ÔöÔ Q{¨m¢=ç, ±eÒb{p}w{äð Q{¨m¢=ç f»Q{Ð\{o¶ m}l{¨|ö. çp{m¢Q}, d¶d{¨ m}~td{ B=ÞQ¥zr¨ @=_{ zt¨nk{=Q} @Óm{= N}b{¨. d} ù¨b{ N¾f}ðN¢ Bb¢ B=N¾ N}m{^=. @Óm{= N}ð p}Z¡ù¨b{ çN}N¶ p¶Ðzt¨=b¢.
d{d{¨Ô øp{¨m¢à=T¶ p}w{äN¢ d} T¶_{n_¾d¶ Vp}i¨ T²µeÕd{¨. C d}Z¡N¥ d} m}_{n b}ßm} d} T{¨ËZ© Vm¢Q¶ øzrl{¨|n_¾ p{¨Q{Ôp{¨À_{ªd¶ Dd}Ôd{¨. d} m{T{d¶ d¶d{¨ T¶µt zeð. d¶d{¨ m{T{d{n zeð p}Ï^¡. d¶d{¨ T{ª~td{ øzrl{¨|n¨, @d{¨k{p}nN¢ ztÕ=b¢=ç m}Ðztªd¶ Dd}Ôd{¨. C p{¨c{Ú d} m{T{d{Þo¾ ~tÓb}=_{ N{Ðm{Q}, U}=b{zt¨ðQ} p{¨|m{¨_{¨d}Ôd{ð @d}Ôm{¨. C p{¨|Z d¶d¶ Kze¦ÕN{¨d}Ôd{¨. ztßk}p¾ b{¨m{îÛN{p{¨> @ð @=Q¥N{m¢Ðzt¨d}Ôd{¨. d} T}b{Ðu}ðN¥ zeËZ¡=ze¦N¥ Ib¾ L N}m{^= D=b¢. ¹j²òÞo¾ @d{ÔËZ¨ : "ù¨ b¶üöÔ d} A_{Ù_¾ zt¬Õú=ç ø¨p{¨ÙöÔ DN¢Ám¢ òN¢Ám¢ T¶Ðu}d{¨. ù¨ ~eÞnn¨ _{m¢Ðu}m{¨. ù¨ ±eÒb{n¨ N{nn¨ N{d{Z= d¶m{¨ÆN{¨=Z|m{¨. ù¨ l{¨¨p{N{¨n b{¬Ë~r zeb{¨d²N{¨Á_{¨=b¢."
@b¢. @=T¶_{ d¶d{¨ Vm{ÔöËzr¨ð N{ª\} N}d{ð @d{¨N{¨=Z|d{¨. d¶d{¨ p{¨¨OÚ=Q} KN{ j¾c{N{¨Ï^¡. "d} p¶¨c{zt¨âd{¨ ÊW|d{= N¾ztp¶¨ p}\{¨N{¨d}Ôd{¨. ÊW|d{=_¾ _{_}ßd{¨k{p{=_¾ d} i¨Ûm{ ze=\¢f½l¨=b¢" @ð @d{¨N{¨d}Ôd{¨. d} @=T{d}öÔ d} b¶q{ ÛzeVn¨ d{p{¨Ùo¶b{¨. Bb{=_} KËZ¡ p{b{m{¨\{¨ o¶ @ð N¼ËZ¡ f}m¶q}m{¨. m{ªze=o¾, Ñztªn b{¬Ë~rN¢ @=_¶ N}p{T{¨Æ. N}ñ, C d} p}Q{¨\{¨o¾ ðV= o¶N{f½o¶b{¨. A Dd{Ô ðV= _¶Z_²Þn= N}N{f½o¶b{¨. ¹c²m{Ú= p{¨|Z Ip²© Q}ñ d} m}_{Þo¾ u}zvzt= o¶N{f½o¶b{¨.
BN{Á\¢_¾ d} m{T{d{nN¢ d¶ðT{¨ÆN{¨=Z¨d{Ô zt=W|l¨£r @l¨f½l¨=b¢. C d} d{©m{p{ ze¦ËZ¡d{m¾í ze«Z|.....d{p{=im{¨ 23, 1996 d{.